Well done Shu Cao of the Oxford High School for girls for
producing this nice solution so promptly.
Consider any convex quadrilateral Q made from four rigid rods with
flexible joints at the vertices so that the shape of Q can be changed
while keeping the lengths of the sides constant. If the diagonals of the
quadrilateral cross at an angle
q in the range (0 £ q < p/2), as we deform Q, the angle
q and the lengths of the diagonals will change and we have to prove that
the area of of Q is a constant multiple of tanq.
Notation: Let |x| mean the scalar
quantity of vector x and the area of Q
be represented by §.
In the problem Diagonals for Area it was shown that the area of a quadrilateral
is given by half the product of the lengths of the diagonals multiplied by
the sine of the angle between the diagonals:
S = 1/2|d1| ×|d2|sinq.
From the definition of the scalar product
| d1| ×|d2| =
d1· d2cosq
.
So
S = 1/2
d1· d2sinqcosq
= 1/2d1·d2tan q.
As shown in the problem Flexi Quads,
the scalar product of the diagonals is constant
i.e.
2d1 ·d2 = a22+a42-a12- a32.
As a1,a2,a3,a4, the lengths of the
sides of the quadrilateral, all remain constant,
hence d1 ·d2 remains
constant. Hence the area of the quadrilateral Q
is a constant multiple of tanq and so it
is proportional to tanq.