Sue Liu of Madras College, St Andrew's sent the solution to this
problem. The locus of the point
is a straight line as the vertex
of
the right angled triangle
slides up the wall and the vertex
slides
towards the corner.
Without loss of generality we can let the length of
be 1 unit, and take
a coordinate system with the origin at
and axes along
and
.
If
, where
, then
and
Let
where
. Then, from the
right angled triangles
and
, we have
and hence we can write down the coordinates of the point
.
We see that
and so
lies on the straight line
.
The position
depends only on
,
being a
constant, and
a variable. The distance of the point
from
is
given by
Hence
which is a maximum when
, that is when
. This occurs when
is a rectangle as
shown in the diagram.
We get an even simpler method of solution by using the fact that the angles
and
are both 90 degrees so that
is a cyclic quadrilateral
with
as a chord. We have
because
these two angles are subtended by the same chord of the circle. This shows that
is constant and hence that the locus of
is the straight line
What can you say about the locus of
if the triangle
is not a right
angled triangle?